total protein
Alternative Namesserum total protein
Definition
A total protein test measures the total amount of protein in the blood. There are two major types of proteins in the blood: albumin and globulin. A change in the level of either type of protein may cause an abnormal total protein value.
Who is a candidate for the test?
Total protein may be measured for many different reasons. For example, a healthcare professional may measure total protein if he or she suspects or finds:
How is the test performed?
To measure total protein in the bloodstream, a blood sample is needed. Blood is usually taken from a vein on the forearm or hand. First, the skin over the vein is cleaned with an antiseptic. Next, a strong rubber tube, or tourniquet, is wrapped around the upper arm. This enlarges the veins in the lower arm by restricting blood flow through them. A fine needle is gently inserted into a vein, and the tourniquet is removed. Blood flows from the vein through the needle and is collected in a syringe or vial. The blood is then sent to the laboratory for testing. After the needle is withdrawn, the puncture site is covered for a short time to prevent bleeding.
What is involved in preparation for the test?
Specific instructions are available from a healthcare professional. Generally, no preparation is required.
What do the test results mean?
Normally, protein levels in the blood serum range from around 6.0 to 8.3 grams per deciliter. These values are different in younger children.
High total protein levels may result from:
Low total protein levels may be due to:
The individual laboratory results for albumin and globulin are helpful in interpreting an abnormal total protein level.
Author:Kimberly Tessmer, RD, LD
Date Written:04/21/00
Medical Review:Paul Halverson, MD
Date Written:10/12/2006
Reviewer:Reginald Finger, MD
Date Reviewed:11/30/2006
Contributors
Potential conflict of interest information for reviewers available on request
